Biomass Conversion: Untapped Reservoir of Clean Energy?

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Family type biogas plant: In family type biogas plants, cattle and other organic wastes are used to produce energy and manure. India supports the largest cattle wealth and this scheme helps in answering the growing energy crisis. In this technology, anaerobic fermentation of biodegradable materials – such as biomass, sewage, green waste etc. – is done to produce biogas that mainly comprises methane and carbon dioxide. This biogas is used for cooking purposes in the households.

Programme Helps Saving Tonnes of Fuel

The national programme on biogas development has multiple benefits. It helps in saving tonnes of fuel wood every year. Biogas technology provides energy in a clean and unpolluted form, and makes available enriched organic manure as a by-product for supplementing and optimising the use of chemical fertilizers.

Nowadays institutional and night-soilbased biogas plants are being deployed increasingly. Toilet linked biogas plants are coming up in places like bus stands and educational institutions.

Biomass gasification system: In the scheme, various biomass gasification systems are set up in rural areas to provide electricity supply in villages – as well as develop the industries there. Various gasifiers fed on rice husk, wheat husk, maze etc., are set up in the area depending on the sustainable source of supply available from agriculture or plantation.

Gasification Helps Bringing Industrial Fuel to Rural Areas

In gasification process organic material is converted into methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide etc. It is obtained by reacting the material at high temperature (>7000C) without combustion with a controlled amount of oxygen / steam, and the resulting gas mixture is called Syngas or Producer Gas, which itself is a fuel.... More on page 5!

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