How to Measure Low Concentration Gases in the Oil & Gas Industry

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Typical H₂O measurement ranges include 0-50, 0-100, 0-200, 0-500 ppmv. Similarly H₂S and CO₂ naturally occur in oil and gas reservoirs. Produced gas containing high levels of H₂S requires treatment to avoid corrosion problems. Typical measurement ranges of this include 0-10, 0-20, 0-50, 0-100, 0-500 ppmv.

LNG plants

Using mole sieves for removal of moisture is a common drying technique for natural gas processing plants. Several mole sieve vessels are operated in parallel and when saturated they are bypassed to be regenerated. The H2O measurement in desiccant dryer outlets detects and avoids potential problems in downstream processes. Typical H2O measurement ranges from 0 to10 ppm.

As with natural gas, H2S and CO2 also cause concern in LNG plants and their measurements are necessary. Amine units are typically upstream of the liquefaction section. Typical measurement ranges of CO2 include 0-100 ppm and typical H2S measurement ranges are 0-10 ppm.

LNG is produced and shipped at temperatures of approximately -160°C, so there is little likelihood of significant water concentrations in the LNG itself. However, there are a number of different approaches for the regasification of LNG using air, gases or liquids heated by burning the gasified LNG and one of the most common is open rack vaporizers using seawater as the heating medium.

Monitoring Vaporized Water

Monitoring of vaporized LNG for water may be critical in some processes as an indicator of leakage across the heat exchangers. In some cases, the gasified LNG may be mixed with other fuels that are wet. Typical H20 measurement ranges are 0-10 ppm.

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