A Question of (Particle) Character...

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Blackbox Powder Bulk Solids

The ideal particle rarely exists. In most cases, minor variations in size and surface characteristics make it difficult to accurately predict filling and dosing behavior. Knowledge about properties such as bulk solid density, particle size, particle shape, moisture, etc. makes things easier. Precise characterization of the flow properties is also important. Getting that wrong can lead to disruption in the process flow.

Most equipment manufacturers have a test and development center where they can run trials and investigations. The engineering teams identify industry-specific characteristics. Gentle handling is very important in the plastics industry to avoid problems like angel hair (hair-like strands caused by friction during material handling). Explosion protection is often mandatory at chemical plants. Hygienic material handling is the top priority in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Nanoparticles: A Lot to Learn?

Nanoparticles create special challenges for equipment operators and bulk solids experts. These products are already being used on an industrial basis in cosmetics and detergents. High hopes are placed on them in the medical sector for drug delivery and even to release drugs only when they reach cancer cells in order to avoid therapeutic side effects.

The size, shape and surface properties of nanoparticles have a direct influence on product characteristics in items such as semiconductors and solar cells. Classification of particles < 20 nm is difficult using current techniques. Electrostatic forces and molecular interaction are the predominant factors rather than mass or density. A lot of research is still needed on nanoparticle characterization, properties, processing and classification. Scientists borrow knowledge from other disciplines which already have in-depth experience in handling large molecules and small particles. Chromatographic techniques used in protein purification are being applied to nanoparticles with promising results.

New optical techniques or combinations of different measurement methods make it possible to measure particle size and morphology online during ongoing production.

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