The mixing of a viscoplastic fluid with an anchor impeller is studied visually. Three different types of experiments, documented through videos and still images, demonstrate the existence of an unyielded region, rotating like a rigid body. These results are in good agreement with previous workers’ numerical predictions, and dramatically show the influence of yield stress on mixing effectiveness, even with a well-designed agitation system. The unyielded region is the equivalent, for a close-clearance impeller, of the stagnant region outside the well-known ‘cavern’ forming around a small-diameter impeller. Furthermore, for such systems the presence of motion is not by itself a criterion by which quality of mixing can be assessed.
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