Filtration Technology

Choosing the Best Filtration Solution for your Process Cooling Application

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Self-cleaning filter

Regardless of whether a strainer or a filter is in place, the build-up of particles trapped in the media must be removed periodically. For a basic basket-type strainer this can be as simple as shutting off the flow, manually removing the basket and dumping the trapped debris. Simple filters may also use a filter bag constructed of woven polyester material that is maintained in essentially the same way. Obviously, stopping the flow and manually cleaning the filter element means that the process is either shut down during the maintenance period or it is unprotected while the filter or strainer is by-passed. The solution is a self-cleaning filter that comes in two basic designs.

An automatic self-cleaning filter uses a rotating hollow internal arm to collect debris deposited on the filter media. As more and more particles are trapped on the media the pressure drop through the filter increases until it reaches a pre-determined value. At that point a valve is opened which allows fluid to exit the filter through the rotating arm, carrying the accumulated debris with it. This type of filter typically removes particles larger than 50 microns and can handle debris loads up to about 200 parts per million. Automatic filters are best used in high-volume situations where fluid losses up to five percent of total flow during cleaning is acceptable.

Gallery

A mechanical self-cleaning filter uses a mechanical disc to scrape accumulated debris off the filter media. Again, as trapped debris increases the pressure drop across the filter the scraper is actuated at a predetermined value. The debris is deposited at the bottom of the filter housing where it can be removed without interrupting the flow through the filter. The cleaning action of the mechanical filter makes it suitable for removing particles less than ten microns in dia­meter. These filters are also able to handle higher debris loads and more frequent purge cycles than automatic filters. They also consume a much smaller volume of fluid during cleaning than an automatic filter.

Note that either a strainer or a filter creates a pressure drop and also a flow restriction. Both factors must be accounted for in designing the system. Adding either may require up-sizing pumps to maintain adequate flow volume and pressure. It should be clear by now that choosing a process cooling filtration solution is complex.

* The Author is Industrial Engineering & Technical Sales Manager at Eaton's Filtration Division, Tinton Falls, New Jersey/USA.

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